This is important because the diagnosis of anti-MOG-associated encephalitis does not require brain biopsy and can be established with a serologic test. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory affliction of the central nervous system (CNS). She completed high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. Unilateral chronic pulsatile headache as the single manifestation of anti-MOG antibody-associated. Although initially reported to be a unilateral. Retrospective assessment of serum and CSF demonstrated MOG antibodies in both cases, and review of biopsy specimens showed absence of fibrinoid necrosis (a pathologic requirement for small vessel CNS vasculitis).Īnti-MOG-associated encephalitis can be mistaken for small vessel CNS vasculitis. Encephalitis: This is inflammation of the brain tissue. In 2019, we systematically reviewed the literature to better characterize this unique syndrome and proposed the term unilateral cortical FLAIR-hyperintense Lesions in Anti-MOG-associated Encephalitis with Seizures (FLAMES Figure 1), which has since been adopted in the literature (1218). Although 1 patient had a relapsing-remitting course not responsive to cyclophosphamide, the other one (also treated with cyclophosphamide) did not relapse. Brain biopsy samples showed prominent lymphocytic infiltration of the wall of small vessels these findings initially suggested small vessel CNS vasculitis, and both patients were treated accordingly. Optic neuritis in patients with anti-MOG antibodies spectrum disorder: MRI and clinical features from a large multicentric cohort in France.
Biotti D, Bonneville F, Tournaire E, et al. CSF studies revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis, and both patients had abnormal brain MRIs. This disease entity has been dubbed MOGAD or MOG-IgGassociated encephalomyelitis. With the development of sensitive and specific cell-based assays, the detection of IgG antibodies targeting conformationally preserved full-length human myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) has differentiated anti-MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) from other demyelinating disorders. Symptoms included fever, headache, and progressive mental status changes and focal neurologic deficits. MOG antibodies were determined in serum and CSF using a cell-based assay. Review of symptoms, MRI and neuropathologic features, and response to treatment. To report 2 patients with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-associated encephalitis who were initially misdiagnosed with small vessel primary CNS vasculitis.
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